Kant and the Morality of Anger - 4094 Words

Kant and the Morality of Anger Introduction This essay does not comprise a defence of retributive punishment, neither does it imply a rejection of deterrent punishment. The writer suggests that one possible reason for the tendency to advocate punishment of offenders with ever increasing severity can be discovered in the concept of the morality of anger. It is this explanation of the phenomenon that forms the principal burden of the arguments used in this essay. The salient characteristics of the two theories of punishment, which find expression in English law, will be found below [1]. In the absence of any definitive public policy an unresolved tension exists, which derives from attempts made to reconcile the two theories,†¦show more content†¦An offender must be found to be punishable before any assessment of benefit to the citizen or community is taken into consideration, because the punishment of the innocent is inherently a gross injustice. According to Kant the universal concept of retribution has priority over any and all consequential effects. This rule is followed, and the crime suppressed, only when the convicted offender draws the evil deed back to himself, as a punishment, and when he suffers that which according to the penal law he has inflicted on others., Penalties are defined in the penal law, to which the offender is subject, and therefore they are invariant. It would, therefore, be morally wrong if those penalties were not to be inflicted on the offender in response to his crime. Kants general proposition is that of the equality of crime and punishment, which he illustrates by means of analogy. He likens justice to none other than the principle of equality in the movement of the pointer of the scales of justice. However he does not argue explicitly for his principle of equality and, if we examine his observations with respect to the punishments for robbery or rebellion against the state, then these seem to be implausible or unconvincing, because they seem to be overdrawn or unnecessarily harsh. And also because they do not make any allowance for extenuating or mitigating circumstances, or for irrationalShow MoreRelatedKant s Theory Of Morality982 Words   |  4 PagesImmanuel Kant is said by many to be one of the most influential â€Å"thinkers† in the history of Western philosophy (McCormick, n.d.), this being said, most of his theories continue to be taught and are highly respected by society. Kant was a firm believer that the morality of any action can be assessed by the motivation behind it (McCormick, n.d.). In other words, if an action is good but the intention behind the action is not good, the action itself would be considered immoral. Those who follow theRead MoreAlternative Fuel, Global Climate Change, and the Categorical Imperative745 Words   |  3 Pageschanneled through practical and economic prisms, it is also appropriate to consider our econolgy as a function of morality. The ethical dilemmas which contribute to our policies and our behaviors regarding the use of fossil fuels and our attention to global climate change are frequently overshadowed by more immediate concerns of survival or mere comfort. However, German philosopher Immanuel Kant offers what has become an important if decidedly rigid framework for facing such an ethical dilemma. AccordingRead MoreKant And The Moral Law1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Kant argues that mere conformity with the moral law is not sufficient for moral goodness. I will argue that Kant is right. In this essay I will explain why Kant distinguishes between conforming with the moral law and acting for the sake of the moral law, and what that distinction means to Kant, before arguing why Kant was right. 2) Meaning of Kant’s Statement Why: According to Kant, we can control the will and meaning behind our actions. The morality of an action should be assessedRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Moral Value1389 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism is a theory that delineates the bounds of morality with respect to actions taken by individuals in terms of what produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. The principle seeks to define first the morality of an action, allowing for the morality of a person to be derived based on the intent behind the respective action. The fundamentals of a person’s morality are then presented in a form that labels the person behind a morally defined action as eitherRead MoreThe Value Of A Life1454 Words   |  6 Pagesshe was arguably one of the most holy people in current times. With this in mind, three different perspectives on how to assign value to life will be discussed. Immanuel Kant is a deontologist philosopher who focuses on the motives behind actions rather than the consequences that result from these actions (â€Å"Kantian†). Immanuel Kant states that the only quality of our lives that we can truly know is that we have a free will. We have the ability to do good things with this free will, but we can alsoRead MoreVirtue Ethics : The True Stem Of Moral Character1445 Words   |  6 Pagesview that greatly supports this claim that the choices a person makes and their actions follow those choices, and display their moral character. This is more likely to be true than Kantianism because this type of ethical view is based off Immanuel Kant, a philosophical thinker whose emphasizes that his writings and beliefs influence the choices people make. However, people do what is morally acceptable in society but more importantly what they believe is right. Aristotle describes theRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle s Moral Theory3135 Words   |  13 Pagescharacter, or moral virtue, is a reputable temperament for deliberate and free conduct of the proper sort. In providing the central concept of a morally adequate lifestyle, such concept of a state of character or virtue is essential in the fulfillment of morality. To which, Aristotle states throughout Nichomachean Ethics, as well as other philosophers, is the question of moral philosophy, not simply how one is to be conducted and be perceived in life, but how one is to become readily disposed so that suchRead MoreEthical Dilemmas In The Movie Crash1153 Words   |  5 Pagesfor we have practically defined happiness as a sort of good life and good action. The film, Crash, follows multiple stories all surrounding an initial car crash. Ethical dilemmas arise in Crash multiple times. Ethic is understanding the good and morality is doing and attaining ways to achieve goodness. It gives us the understanding of the fundamental principles underlying our activity. There are four ethical experiences and three ethical theories that we have learned in Chapter 1, In Search of theRead More`` The Bees, The Flowers, Jesus, Ancient Tigers, Poseidon, And Eve1413 Words   |  6 Pagesso to efficiently satisfy others, and to avoid the destruction of all. In relation to Hobbes he coins this compromise of desires the Social Contract. It is the giant leap away from the State of Nature and the plunge into society, and the birth of morality. Those who accept this contract and decide to break it are torn apart by society from the fear of returning to the State of Nature. A great case study of the Social Contract in action is that of the controversy of the fraudulent poet talked aboutRead MoreThe Radical Enlightenment Hated Everything That Was Religion1876 Words   |  8 Pagesreligion as an institution itself. Their main anger lied with those in power in religion which in turn lead them to feel anger towards religion itself. Reimarus revelation that the Messiah was just a man with power and a false resurrection that was not going to happen was what caused the most anger in the believers. The church was losing its power because they were no longer to fill people’s heads with the idea of Christ returning. This leads to Kant how he began to challenge people to really think

Value Chain Essay - 752 Words

Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do. Costco’s major competitors are BJ’s Wholesale Club and Sam Club (Costco, 2010). Applying the tools presented in this SSP, Costco provides a detailed analysis for transforming business operations relative to industry rivals. This is done in order to create profits and†¦show more content†¦Organizations Value Chain Analysis Value Chain analysis evaluates each step business goes through from inception to finality. The goal is to maximize the value for the total cost. Costcos mission is to provide their members with quality goods and services at the lowest possible prices. The company’s mission, values and strategies suggest Costco uses a broad enterprise strategy which fits in the societal framework. To ensure employee motivation, Costco offers them a unique banquet of benefits. This include; paying health benefits for them, 50% higher wage, employee retention of over 90 percent, and maintaining employees even during recession periods (Costco, 2010). The Company’s strength is its primary value chains which split into two distinct functions: Demand fulfilment and Demand generation. Demand fulfilment includes input logistics, operations, and output logistics. Demand generation involves sales, marketing, and service department which breaks down into sub-tiers. Costco’s support activitie s include HRM, technology development, firm infrastructure and procurement. Costco’s weaknesses are difficult to pinpoint; one weakness is persistent low operating profit margins. Bigger profits can occur by not paying employee benefits and with demanding higher returns from their suppliers. The problem would be at what cost? Costco receives cost advantages from value adding major (brand items) activities. However, it continues to experience a challengeShow MoreRelatedThe Value Of A Value Chain1251 Words   |  6 PagesBusinesses create value by converting inputs (that is raw material, labor and overhead) into business outputs in such a way that they have a greater value than the original input cost. Manufacturing companies create value by acquiring raw materials and using them to produce something useful. Retailers bring together a range of products and present them in a way that is convenient to customers, sometimes supported by services such as fitting rooms or personal shopper advice. And insurance companiesRead MoreThe Value Of Value Chain1803 Words   |  8 Pages Value chain is identified as a chain of activities where value is continuously added to the product and service from the product design to final product delivery. Basically, there are many works that are included in the producing process no matter whether it is consume good or service. But not all of the producing activities could be seen as valuable to the entire process, which could offset the cost of time, money, and labor. So when companies are doing the business optimization, the basic thingsRead MoreValue Chain Analysis1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthen an organization should adopt the various application of i nformation technology. This will put the organization at the forefront in terms of innovation as well as give the organization a competitive advantage (Hitt amp; Robert, 2011, p.10). Value chain analysis is a model that was developed by Michael Porter to help an organization develop a strategy for its organization. Michael porter suggested that organization activities can be grouped into two major categories which include the following;Read MorePorters value chain1795 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Michael Porter published the Value Chain Analysis in 1985 as a response to criticism that his Five Forces framework lacked an implementation methodology that bridged the gap between internal capabilities and opportunities in the competitive landscape. This framework focused on industry attractiveness as a determinant of the profit potential of all companies within that particular industry. However, significant differences in performance exist between companies operating within the same industryRead MoreValue Chain System4282 Words   |  18 PagesVALUE CHAIN SYSTEM The value chain concept was created by Michael Porter and explained in his book â€Å"Competitive Advantage†, published in 1980. The value chain is a series of activities that create and build value- culminating in the contribution of total value to the organization. Porter used the concept of value chain as a systematic approach to examining the development of an organization’s competitive advantage in the marketplace. In using the value chain concept, the total activities undertakenRead MoreValue Chain Analysis And Analysis1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss and explore the value chain analysis and the internal analysis in the strategic management. The focus of this report is to study the value chain analysis in detail along with the advantages and disadvantage of the value chain analysis. Also, the internal analysis is also discussed along with its pros and cons and the SWOT analysis of Next Plc. This report also discusses the way in which organizational resources are mixed to develop company’s abilities, Value Chain Analysis Keane (2008) statedRead MoreValue Chain as Competitive Advantage1295 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage Unit 3 Assignment Christine Washington GB570 Managing the Value Chain Jerry Haenisch, Professor Kaplan University November 12, 2012 Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Effective value chain as a competitive advantage can contribute significantly to the prosperity of a firm in the competitive arena, but it can cause dire situations if not operated properly (Guy, 2011). However, there are conflicts among companies as to how stakeholders think theyRead MoreThe Importance Of Governance And Value Chain1493 Words   |  6 Pagesis especially important within IT because it helps them to better understand the requirements and strategies of the business. IT is then in a better position to mitigate IT risks which in turn make them more of a value to the business than just an expense. IT Governance and Value Chain IT governance can be defined in many ways, but Weil (2004) best defines it as â€Å"specifying the framework for decision rights and accountabilities to encourage desired behavior in the use of IT†. IT governance is notRead MoreThe Value Chain of Expedia Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Value Chain of Expedia HMGT 5580 He Huang Value chain analysis is a useful tool for working out how you can create the greatest possible value for your customers. The value chain program design consists of selecting and analysis an entire value chain, identifying and assessing appropriate market-based solutions and determining and prioritize suitable facilitation activities (or interventions) for the development organization to undertake to ultimately increase economic benefits for theRead MoreValue Chain : Competitive Advantage1444 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage If a firm sustain profits that exceed the industry average, said firm is said to have a competitive advantage. The goal of any given business strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage. Moreover, the goal of a successful business strategy is a sustainable competitive advantage. The question is how does a firm create that competitive advantage? According to Michael Porter, to achieve a competitive advantage, a firm must perform one or more value creating activities

Weathering and Erosion Free Essays

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. Weather can be classified as day to day temperature and precipitation activity, where climiate is average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. Weather occurs from temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. We will write a custom essay sample on Weathering and Erosion or any similar topic only for you Order Now These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as â€Å"extratropical cyclones†, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth’s axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is pointed at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth’s surface, temperatures usually range from 0-100 degrees farenheit annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth’s orbit affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star’s corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind. On Earth, common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere). Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics you lie, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity). Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes. Because the Earth’s axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December (see Effect of sun angle on climate). This effect causes seasons. Over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, changes in Earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate. see Milankovitch cycles). Uneven solar heating (the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients, or frontogenesis) can also be due to the weather itself in the form of cloudiness and precipitation. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, which is explained by the lapse rate. On local scales, temperature differences can occur because different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets, or man- made objects) have differing physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content. Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands, lowering the air pressure and its density. The resulting horizontal pressure gradient accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth’s rotation then causes curvature of the flow via the Coriolis effect. The simple systems thus formed can then display emergent behaviour to produce more complex systems and thus other weather phenomena. Large scale examples include the Hadley cell while a smaller scale example would be coastal breezes. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to-day predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential for improved prediction skill. Chaos theory says that the slightest variation in the motion of the ground can grow with time. This idea is sometimes called the butterfly effect, from the idea that the motions caused by the flapping wings of a butterfly eventually could produce marked changes in the state of the atmosphere. Because of this sensitivity to small changes, it will never be possible to make perfect forecasts. Weather has played a large and sometimes direct part in human history. Aside from climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East, and the formation of land bridges during glacial periods), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded directly in historical events. One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281. French claims to Florida came to an end in 1565 when a hurricane destroyed the French fleet, allowing Spain to conquer Fort Caroline. More recently, Hurricane Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States, becoming the largest diaspora in the history of the United States. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Human beings have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia, and formally since at least the nineteenth century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve. Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky condition, forecast models are now used to determine future conditions. Human input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections, knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as the difference in current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus helps to narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome. There are a variety of end users to weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property. Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture, and therefore to commodity traders within stock markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days. On an everyday basis, people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill, forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been seen as helpful in understanding how it works on Earth. Weather on other planets follows many of the same physical principles as weather on Earth, but occurs on different scales and in atmospheres having different chemical composition. The Cassini–Huygens mission to Titan discovered clouds formed from methane or ethane which deposit rain composed of liquid methane and other organic compounds. Earth’s atmosphere includes six latitudinal circulation zones, three in each hemisphere. In contrast, Jupiter’s banded appearance shows many such zones, Titan has a single jet stream near the 50th parallel north latitude, and Venus has a single jet near the equator. Weather events influence biological processes on short time scales. For instance, as the Sun rises above the horizon in the morning, light levels become sufficient for the process of photosynthesis to take place in plant leaves. Later on, during the day, air temperature and humidity may induce the partial or total closure of the stomata, a typical response of many plants to limit the loss of water through transpiration. More generally, the daily evolution of meteorological variables controls the circadian rhythm of plants and animals alike. Living organisms, for their part, can collectively affect weather patterns. The rate of evapotranspiration of forests, or of any large vegetated area for that matter, contributes to the release of water vapor in the atmosphere. This local, relatively fast and continuous process may contribute significantly to the persistence of precipitations in a given area. As another example, the wilting of plants results in definite changes in leaf angle distribution and therefore modifies the rates of reflection, transmission and absorption of solar light in these plants. That, in turn, changes the albedo of the ecosystem as well as the relative importance of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface to the atmosphere. For an example in oceanography, consider the release of dimethyl sulfide by biological activity in sea water and its impact on atmospheric aerosols. How to cite Weathering and Erosion, Essay examples